Diabetes or diabetes can prevent or cure yet. But one can be the debilitating complications trying to avoid.

Cause

Diabetes or diabetes is a condition where the glucose or sugar in the blood chronically elevated is. Therefore one also speaks of “sugar” or diabetes.
Glucose is the main energy source of the cells. For this to take, the cells need insulin. Insulin is like the key that opens the cell to glucose. If there is no or insufficient insulin is produced or the insulin for some reason less effective, not touching the glucose into the cell and increases the blood sugar. This is what happens in diabetes.
Insulin is a hormone and that hormone is produced in the pancreas (pancreatic).

Form

There are different types of diabetes. The two most important are diabetes type 1 and sometimes also ‘insulin-dependent diabetes “or juvenile diabetes, and diabetes type 2 , also “non-insulin-dependent diabetes” or adult-onset diabetes. These two forms differ so greatly, both in symptoms, mechanisms and treatment occur in a number of important consequences, it’s almost two different diseases. About 6 in 100 adults suffering from either form of sugar diseases, especially type 2. Over 65 years, this number as high as 16 to 100. One also suspects that many people do not even know they have diabetes. • In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas makes little insulin. This form comes from childhood on. • In Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas makes too little insulin and / or the cells less sensitive to insulin. This form is available from the fortieth year, and also adult-onset diabetes.

Control in type 1 diabetes

In type 1 diabetes that occurs in the first place several times daily by injection of insulin . There are different types of insulin according to their duration. The absorption and duration of insulin also differs from person to person and may even vary from one individual circumstances. It is therefore important that diabetes patients to measure glucose levels several times a day and in function of an appropriate dose of insulin injected. The number of checks to perform on a daily basis, depending on the treatment, the type of insulin, meals and snacks, physical exertion, etc. For one day merit of glucose to determine, are 3 to 4 inspections per day, especially with intensive treatment. Some people check more frequently, eg because of intense physical efforts. The self is fortunately becoming easier thanks to the technical improvements to the devices for blood glucose determination and injection pens and pens for insulin administration. a controlled examination by a doctor, usually every two to three months, complete the self-control. This shall include considering symptoms, complaints or injuries that may indicate the occurrence of complications such as nerve and circulatory disorders or face a reduction.

The main goal of treatment is to normalize blood sugar.
So adjust the glucose: Type 1 : between 60-150 mg / dL type 2 : between 140-180 mg / dl

Control in type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes are drugs – insulin and medication by mouth should be taken – in second place. A weight reduction through dietary changes is the cornerstone of treatment of these patients are usually obese. Even a small weight loss will often already a significant improvement in glucose. Sometimes the condition disappears entirely even while they maintain the lower weight and when she comes back again to gain weight. The weight loss has beneficial effects on levels of fat, blood pressure, so reducing the risk of heart disease decreases.

An ‘a glove’ nutrition prescription

For Type 1 diabetes is an appropriate diet an essential part of treatment. The diet should be tailored to individual patient needs and take into account age, weight, physical activity, medicated treatment, etc. and above all realistic. Each individual must be a ‘on his glove “diet prescription.
“It is highly important that the diet is not too much different from what the family and environment of the diabetic food,” says Dr. Raoul Rottiers, diabetes specialist at the University Hospital of Ghent. ”Unless the former diet is really bad quality, it is preferable that the diabetic can choose his own diet schedule as close as possible to their former eating habits.” ”A good treatment is based not on dogma, on authoritarian positions, the fatwas of Ayatollah’s in diabetology,” he admits H. Dorchy, diabetologist at the University Children’s Kon. Fabiola inBrussels. ”It is inconsistent with diet-totalitarianism, nor diet-anarchy.”

Structured diet

The diet should especially healthy and balanced. For a patient with diabetes are much the same advice for a healthy and balanced diet for everyone.
• This means that the daily energy applicator (total calories) should consist of: 50 to 55% carbohydrates, 30 to 35% fat (two-thirds of the unsaturated type) and 10 to 15% protein.
• They should also ensure an adequate application of vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber (about 30 to 40 g per day).
This means that every Fleming, and not only diabetics, less fat should consume, especially less saturated fat (which is found especially in meat and dairy products but also include in coconut and palm oil), more carbohydrates and less protein.
The reduction of the fat for diabetics more important since they have a greater risk of hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). A diet high in (saturated) fat and cholesterol is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis.

The sugar is mainly influenced by the carbohydrates content of a meal. The rate at which this happens depends on how quickly the carbohydrates from food into glucose to be converted. This depends on the status of the carbohydrates and or together with fiber, protein and fats are eaten. In order sugar as stable as possible, the intake of all carbohydrates in all respects as possible throughout the day are.
The influence of diet on the glucose to estimate, it is recommended that wherever possible at set times to eat. The number of meals, eg 3 main and 3 between meals, insulin must correspond to the diagram that follows.
Ordinary table sugar may be used, but as much as possible during meals. The special diabetic diet products are useless and unnecessary. They also often confused.

Move

A third pillar in the diabetes treatment is exercise, especially in type 2 patients. A regular practice of sport in this group has a long-term beneficial effect on glucose that sometimes the use of drugs can be reduced. Regular exercise also contributes to weight loss. In type 1 diabetes, sport is not part of the treatment itself, although it can of course contribute to the overall physical wellbeing. In principle, these diabetic patients all sports – such as star player Pär Zetterberg – with the exception of sports that could be dangerous if their blood suddenly drops (such as scuba diving, mountaineering, sailing solo, etc.). Prerequisite is a good glycemic control. Adjustments in insulin therapy and diet are usually necessary if one wants to do sports safely.

Diabetes and obesity

Type 2 diabetes, which usually only occurs in old age and thus as a typical age condition was considered, the last time at ever younger ages, and even in children down. According to Dr. Rita Craen of the pediatrics department ofGhentUniversityHospital, this concerns very obese children, very often with parents who are obese and / or diabetes. Who family is responsible for type 2 diabetes and / or obesity is certainly that the pursuit of a ‘normal’ body weight is the best prevention, says diabetes specialist Dr. Raoul Rottiers ofGhentUniversityHospital. ”This applies not only to prevent diabetes in later life, but also to other disorders of metabolism and the consequent cardiovascular risk reduction.” Moreover, oral diabetes drugs and insulin both often much less effect in obese patient. Especially the consumption of fats should be limited because they provide the most energy, and also – especially the animal – the most harmful to the cardiovascular system. Energy sources such as sugar and alcohol – that so-called empty calorie’s risk since they do not contain vitamins and minerals – should also be avoided. Also, sugary soft drinks and candy are not an enormous amount of unnecessary energy. In addition to slimming the obese should be persuaded to exercise more. Muscles that move are not insulin-insensitive. Conversely, muscles are actively used much less insulin, and insulin, which also works much better. The energy it uses to exercise, however small, allows fat stores to build. The preference for moderate intensity sport at least three times a week for 20 to 30 minutes. Brisk walking, cycling and swimming are favorite.

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