How to stimulate the immune response of an immunodeficient person? The team of Eric Vivier and Sophie Ugolini, Center of Immunology of Marseille-Luminy (Inserm / CNRS / Université Aix-Marseille), has found a promising lead. By making random mutations in mice and by analyzing the resistance of these mutant mice to a virus, murine cytomegalovirus, biologists have identified a mutation that confers resistance to a perfect mouse virus, that is to say a exacerbated immune response. Surprisingly, they found that the mutation in question inactivates a gene that encodes a protein, NKp46, also known … to activate the immune response, specifically natural killer cells . The latter part of the sentinels of innate immunity, cells that form the first line of host defense against microbes and some abnormal cells (tumor or infection).These sentinel selectively detect the presence of these abnormal and destroy them while also helping to regulate the second line of defense, the adaptive immune cells (lymphocytes  T and  B ).The latter also remove pathogens and retain a memory of the intruder. NKp46 is a “receptor activator” natural killer cells: located on the surface, it triggers their activity ( viaan intracellular signaling pathway) when it detects a particular pattern – a ligand – on the surface of another cell. Natural killer cells are well on their surface many activating receptors that play a similar role, and other inhibitors, which block the contrary, their business. So we thought that was an NKp46 activator among other natural killer cells. These studies show that its role is more complex in mice with NKp46 receptor was inactivated by mutation, the innate NK cells became hypersensitive to abnormal cells. How a protein known to activate natural killer cells makes it the same cells hypersensitive to signals initiated by the abnormal cells? For biologists, the answer is to look in the maturation of natural killer cells: to acquire their sophisticated detection system, which allows them to act within hours, killer cells newly produced pass through a maturation phase – probably several days – where they adapt to their environment and learn to identify their targets. In this process, the receptor NKp46 seems to play a leading role in inhibiting the activation of killer cells as they are not mature. How to transform this discovery into therapeutic application? Using a specific antibody inactivating the receptor NKp46 immunocompromised patients. Biologists have several reasons to believe it. On the one hand, NKp46 receptor is particularly well preserved in the evolutionary tree of mammals, so much so that if one expresses the human gene mutated in mice, it found a normal response to the cytomegalovirus infection. On the other hand, the laboratory already has an antibody that inactivates many NKp46 and enhances NK cell activity in mice. “The road is still long, though, because these studies raise many questions,” said Eric Vivier: precise mechanism by which NKp46 module does the killer cell activity? And finally, in effect, in which patients, against which viruses and tumors which this therapy could it be applied effectively?

Microsoft is promoting Windows Phone beautiful, it does not mean iOS sulking. “We have a long history with the iPhone with integrated support for Hotmail or adaptation of applications such as Bing, Messenger, or Skype OneNote . More generally, we think you should have access to your personal content, regardless of the device you use. That is why we are delighted to invest in HTML5, both on the web and on mobile “ , writes the editor on his blog. New evidence of the involvement in the Apple platform, Microsoft today announced two important applications on iPhone and iPad: porting SkyDrive and a new version of OneNote (the 1.3 ). SkyDrive is the service of free online storage from Microsoft, who just had an update on December 8. “On the iPhone, we have gone a step further in the coming iPhone application SkyDrive in 32 languages the world “ , announces Microsoft.“In addition to their OneNote notebooks, iPhone owners can now access all their files in SkyDrive, create folders, delete files, and share links to files and files directly using the Mail application “ .

Seen in the description of Microsoft SkyDrive is intimately linked to OneNote, a brick of Office 2010 that facilitates note-taking and their backups. The new version of the application is also advertised on iOS with logical, among other things, support for iPad, and iPad 2, the rendering of tables, a new UI based on the tabs, or the creation of notes faster in the “Unfiled Notes”. OneNote also allows to store notes and synchronize in the cloud (with SkyDrive so) via a Windows Live account. Both services are in a sense a competitor of the very popular Evernote. OneNote 1.3 on iPad full resolution OneNote 1.3 is free, but limited to 500 taken note. It will cost $ 4.99 (price in euros to come) to the owners of iPhones and those of iPads 14.99 for unlimited use. Note that SkyDrive, it is free and can store up to 25 GB of data. What place the service in serious competitor of Google Docs, Dropbox and other Box.net.And of course the Apple icloud. SkyDrive The application is also available from today on Windows Phone 7.

Office 365, the new suite of business applications from Microsoft in the cloud made ​​its official debut this summer. “We work hard in the field of productivity tools. Office 365 gives you Lync and Exchange and SharePoint and Office and more in the form of hosted services available by subscription “ , had then said Steve Ballmer, Microsoft CEO, in conjunction with this launch. “past, the service knows of Microsoft after a major success. Customers adopt the solution eight times faster than our previous offer “ , in December welcomed Kurt DelBene, President of the Division Office. “Office 365 is on track to become the offers the highest growth of all the history of Microsoft “ . Success displayed based primarily on SMEs with fewer than 50 employees. These companies are in fact 90% of customers of Office 365. The publisher of websites included in Office 365 Today, Microsoft is tackling another target and makes an agreement with HP to enable companies who wish to access these services via private and hybrid cloud Cloud (public private). For private cloud should be understood as instances hosted by HP and not a “365 Office in a Box” integrated into the data center of a society. This agreement provides the solution to combine Microsoft and outsourcing services to HP in two forms:

- A private cloud : HP Enterprise Cloud Services, Messaging, HP Enterprise Cloud Services-Collaboration and HP Enterprise Cloud Services-Real-Time Collaboration and productivity tools Microsoft Exchange Server 2010, Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2010 and Microsoft Lync Server 2010 in the form of services produced in the HP data centers around the world

 - A Hybrid Cloud : HP offers a solution based on Microsoft Office 365 hosted in the Cloud Microsoft public in conjunction with HP Enterprise Cloud solutions -Messaging Services, HP Enterprise Cloud Services, Collaboration, and HP Enterprise Cloud Services-Real-Time Collaboration hosted in data centers HP. “Large organizations, especially those operating in highly regulated industries such as financial services have the needs of functionality and high level of service “ , says Gerald Karsenti, CEO HP France. “This is all the more crucial in times of a severely disrupted economic” . The means of implementation of the agreement should be fixed in the coming weeks. For the record, Microsoft still offers 30 days free trial for Office 365 

OnLive, a cloud services provider, offers users a way to display iPad Office documents on the screen of their device. The solution OnLive Cloud Desktop is an application of less than 4.8 MB, after allowing creation of OnLive an account to access a remote desktop Windows 7 from the cloud, and edit Word, Excel or PowerPoint. The free version of the application provides access to 2GB of storage of files. A professional version will soon be marketed for $ 9.99 per month, with a storage capacity of 50 GB and the ability to install other additional programs.

The publisher also plans to bring the solution on Android devices, iPhone and Mac. Support for Google TV is also on the menu. For the record, Microsoft is also currently actively working on an adaptation of the Office suite for the iPad announced for this year.

Popular successor to Galaxy S

Although the Galaxy S II still exhibits strong similarities with its predecessor, he has some solid new features. Most notable is the integration of a dual-core processor, which provides the necessary computing power for applications and web sites to load quickly. In addition, the new smartphone runs on Android 2.3 (Gingerbread).Operating system that Google succeeds much better in the big Super AMOLED screen of 4.27 inches to support. Samsung recently announced it to the Galaxy S Gingerbread update to it. The AMOLED screen on the Galaxy S II is only 0.3 inches larger than its predecessor, but is eighteen percent more efficient.

Galaxy S II features Samsung i9100

Network Troubleshooting stress

Network Troubleshooting for the average computer user can be a very tedious mean. The network, which in most households used the Internet to share, consisting of parts for most of us like a feast of recognition on record. Also, the supplied manual, allows many users are not transparent.

Such manuals are usually written by techies. And technicians typically can not write for a layman to understand. What a technician assigned to the paper, it is usually only understood by colleagues. And even I, as a colleague silk, sometimes scratch on the head, wondering what on earth is told.

To solve network problems requires knowledge, knowledge of networking. Although many manufacturers of network equipment pretend that you know stuff without getting to work, troubleshooting a network is a different story. To avoid problems with your network can solve, you must first know what the problems are. And to think what the cause of the problem might be, knowledge is required.

Troubleshoot network problems begins with restart

Yet you do not complete with hands in the hair to sit when you have problems with your network. As mentioned earlier in this article mentions, many home networks are intended to share the Internet connection. Indeed, when you are in your household with multiple PCs and / or laptops using the same Internet connection, you have a real home network.

In many cases, this network itself, laid out with a DIY package from your ISP. If you’re not so handy, you have to do. Either by a convenient cousin, neighbor, friend or by a technician from your ISP.

Network Troubleshooting always starts with the restart of the entire network including connected computers. Start by disabling all of your computers on the network. Then, turn the Internet modem / router or unplug the power off when the machine has no on / off switch features.

Then turn off all devices one by one again, starting with the device close to the network connector. Today houses modem and router in one device. When you have that is not the case, turn the modem back in first, followed by the router.

When switching the modem / router is the first place check to see if by chance there is the problem. Typically, both as an Internet modem Internet router with a number of green lights that light up when everything is in order and the connections made. If any of the lights orange and / or the problem flashes can sit there after 60 seconds if it’s still true.

A flashing light is your connection to the Internet displays indicates that your network problems caused by a problem with your internet provider. In this case, a call to your Internet provider can help. Everything is OK when your modem / router if one is not already lit up, namely the light that indicates that the modem / router connected to the computers on your network. This connection is not there yet because your computers are still outstanding. This LED will light up when your computers are turned on.

After the restart, and check the modem / router is the time to the connected computers one by one to turn to start and complete before the next is turned. When all equipment is properly re-enabled and started, network problems often like snow before the sun disappeared.

What to do when the network problem is not solved?

When the network problem is not solved after restarting the equipment, it is time to look a little further. Burn all the lights on the modem / router? Not? First make sure any cables are properly connected. All lights are burning, then in most cases at least one of the computers to connect to the Internet. If that is not the case, it is wise to have an expert to look at.

What you have to restart your network has reached is that the expert can tell in any case where the suspected network trouble. This saves the expert time and you money.

 

Internet connection among multiple computers

Your Internet connection among multiple computers is not all that complicated. You just need to know how, as with many things on the computer. To use multiple computers to make use of an Internet network. A network designed to share the Internet connection is quite simple.

In the article on the modem supplied by your ISP gets, you can read that the device much more capable than just providing Internet on your computer. At least, if your Internet connection is via ADSL. If you have cable internet you can often just parts needed to make a network.

Difference between cable modem and DSL modem

You simplify your ADSL Internet connection sharing over cable has nothing to do with the type of connection, but everything to do with the politics of the ISPs. Providers of Internet through the cable would not be long that you have multiple computer used the Internet.

Of course not forbidden, but supported by the ISP was not. The modem you got offered therefore not possible to share the Internet connection with multiple computers.

For providers of ADSL connection was different. The Internet was your connection and how many computers you want to use that connection, that was entirely up to you Hence, the modems supplied in recent years with an Internet connection via ADSL, all standard suitable for the Internet connection among multiple computers.

Network to the ADSL Internet connection sharing

Share one Internet connection if you have an ADSL connection is as simple as connecting a few extra network cables. If you have a recent ADSL modem than the back of the machine already has multiple connections for network cables.

One of these connections is already occupied by the computer is already connected to the Internet. Everything you need to do is half computer in exactly the same manner as the computer that is already connected. This is the second computer is also equipped with internet access. It’s as simple and it really is. (See picture below)

For older ADSL modems can happen that it includes only a so-called Ethernet connection (network connection). With such a modem still be able to share your Internet connection is a network switch is required. A 4-port switch, a switch with 4 ports, is enough. To close the switch via the uplink port with a network cable to your DSL modem and then connect your computers to the switch.

Attention! To share an Internet connection via an ADSL modem router will not need. A router is already built into your ADSL modem.

Network to the Internet via cable sharing

With a cable modem, things get more complicated. Often has only a cable modem with an Ethernet port or a connection to a network. This cable is your computer connected to the Internet. Moreover, a cable modem, a pure modem. So there is no router. To safely share a cable Internet connection, you have this type of connection a router.

A router is a device that separates networks. Which means your computer from the Internet to access or not visible. If you are not using a router is theoretically possible from the Internet to view contents of your computer. I do not think there waiting for you.

A router can connect the same way as a network switch. You will also need to tell the router that is connected to a cable modem. This is usually regulated by means of an installation CD that came with the device is provided.

An Internet connection through cable runs is slightly more complicated than using the Internet via ADSL, but certainly not impossible. Network components can be purchased at any computer store. The Internet connection among multiple computer so therefore a good job for a rainy Saturday afternoon

 

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Internet wirelessly to a wireless network

Wireless internet has many advantages make. The main advantages are that you have around your home can connect to the internet and that no network cables through the house having to be drawn to where the computers.

We also see more and more to devices like smartphones and tablet PCs only wirelessly connect to the internet rather than via a cable.

A reliable wireless network

A reliable wireless network is therefore not a luxury, especially if you hold such devices. But even if you have a laptop or a regular PC which is not easy to draw a network, then a reliable wireless network in handy.

Something in computer terms is already a network called when two or more computers are connected and can share something. These may be files, but obviously the Internet.

A wireless network we have by using the modem / router that we made available through the Internet. More is nowadays usually not necessary because these modems / routers all have the ability to connect computers wirelessly with a device to make. And therefore the Internet. You can recognize a modem / router that supports wireless Internet antenna on the device is mounted.

So basically wireless internet would be very easy to make. And usually it is easy, provided that at least two important conditions are met. And that is the proper positioning of the modem / router and the radio waves the device sends free to all sides can be broadcast. And you must ensure that the wireless network adapter on your PC, laptop or other device within range of your wireless modem / router.

And that is often the first problem. As a modem / router is not really a jewel in the house, we often tend to the thing in a corner to hide, so he at least not in sight.

But that is exactly what not to do. Indeed, the wireless modem / router would work best when the middle of the room, just below the ceiling could be placed. Since they can optimally radiate radio waves to all devices to connect to this wireless modem / router.

However, this placement is an option few households. So something else must be invented. And best option is, the highest possible cabinet somewhere in the living room, making sure that the antenna on the device is pointing straight up and as far as possible from the wall. By the modem / router like this place, we make a connection to the most reliable wireless network.

Computers to connect wirelessly to the Internet

Using a computer or a laptop equipped with Windows Vista or Windows 7, it is usually not a problem for the computer to wirelessly connect to the Internet. With a Windows XP computer can sometimes be a little difficult. Therefore we take a Windows XP computer as an example.

Standard laptops have a chip on board that makes the laptop wirelessly with a range lying within the wireless modem / router can connect and thus a wireless connection to Internet.

A PC is not usually such a chip on board, so a PC to connect wirelessly to the Internet is an additional component is needed.This can take the form of a plug that into a free PCI slot is inserted or in the form of a USB adapter for wireless networking.

A USB adapter is just a little easier to install because the computer does not therefore need to be made. Moreover, using a USB cable, some with the placement of the USB adapter can be played. The chance of a reliable connection even slightly larger.

Not save on the price of a USB adapter for a wireless Internet connection.  When buying wireless networking equipment for parts always known brands such as Linksys. These are slightly better with other wireless network equipment over so you most reliable connection.

A USB adapter for wireless network

Installing a USB wireless network adapter for a little wrong, if you first install the included software before the adapter to the PC to connect. Once the software is installed, the software will instantly search for available wireless networks.

Now you just have to pay attention. Because it may be that there are a number of wireless networks within range of your wireless network adapter. For example, that of your neighbors. Obviously it is important to select your own wireless network.

The name of your wireless network can be found usually on the underside of the wireless modem / router provided by your ISP. Note the name and also the WPA security key. For this security key must be entered when your wireless network from the row of available wireless networks have selected.

Once you have entered the security key and clicked connect the software to connect to your wireless network. In the Windows system tray, left of the clock, will usually be a signal strength icon is displayed. By clicking, you can see which wireless networks are more available and also reconnect, if need be.

If you have a USB cable connected between your computer and the wireless network adapter, you now a bit with the placement of the USB adapter to slide until you have found the strongest signal. When something goes wrong with connecting to your wireless network then this is often due to a weak signal. Concern in this case, first for a better positioning of the USB adapter before attempting to reconnect to your wireless network.

Or if that does not work, rather than the computer near the wireless modem / router, and then make the first connection. Once the connection has been reached and, you can restore the PC to its proper place and then see if that spot from connecting to the wireless network is possible.

You know for sure that it worked and that the adapter is installed and working. It is only important to get enough signal to connect to where the PC.

Once connected to your wireless network is made and the signal is good, you are using Internet Explorer or another web browser and Wi-Fi is a fact. Wireless Internet on your computer can make a piece of cake, provided you take the time to take it easy.